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Scientific results

Summary of research results for the stage 1 2011
A working research program for 2011-2013 was developed.

 Study of the stationary states and conditions of the instability for a model system consisting of light air ions and aerosol particles, the dependence of the coefficients of interaction of these particles on the external electric field was taken into account, also  the influence of aerosols on the lifetime of the perturbation of the electric charge was analyzed.

An analytical model for the calculation of convective intensity of the generator in the global atmospheric electric circuit was developed, it allowed to determine the value of the ionospheric potential induced by external electric currents in the atmosphere.

A method was developed for calculating emissions from fires in the framework of chemical transport model based on the use of satellite measurements of the intensity of infrared radiation from the fire with the optimization of algorithm of emission calculation parameters based on the assimilation by this model of monitoring of air pollution data. The effectiveness of the developed method is demonstrated in a study of abnormal episodes of air pollution in the metropolitan region of Moscow in the summer of 2010

The characteristics of electromagnetic and plasma disturbances when effecting the near-Earth plasma were obtained with the following anthropogenic sources: intensive  radio waves research heating stands, plasma-wave discharge on board of the aircraft, and the radiation of intensive connected VLF transmitters. It is shown that induced perturbations are non-local and, under certain conditions, can actually permeate the entire body of the ionosphere from the D-region to the heights of the Earth's magnetosphere.

The new scheme of microwave passive sensing of thermal structure of the troposphere at altitudes of 0-12 km with a superheterodyne spectroradiometer 6-mm range with low noise amplifier input is developed.

 A method of restoration of the vertical temperature profile of the middle atmosphere at altitudes of 10-50 km along two lines of intrinsic emission of atmospheric molecular oxygen, based on the use of Bayesian approach to solving incorrect inverse problems was developed. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by processing test measurements of intrinsic emission spectra of the atmosphere over the Nizhny Novgorod and comparison of reduced temperature distributions of the middle atmosphere from satellite remote sensing data from MLS Aura.

A method of microwave sensing of the troposphere data analysis was developed to extract information about the characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer (its overall height, presence or absence of a sustainable, residual and convective layers and their high-rise boundaries).

 Experiments on measuring the drag surface of the water in strong winds (up to 40 m / s), supplemented by measurements of the spectrum of waves were performed on high-speed continuous-flow wind and wave channel. These laboratory experiments are compared with the results of calculations in the framework of the drag of the sea surface. The parameterization of the drag coefficient of the sea surface based on the model of the atmospheric boundary layer over the rough water surface was proposed.

Laboratory investigation of scattering rough water surface radar radiation with the breaking wind waves is carried out. It is shown that in the presence of breaking waves a Doppler broadening of the spectrum of microwave radiation scattered by the surface occurs.

We propose a method for high-speed optical registration of panoramas and capillary wave spectra using the line of photodiodes and a gradient diffuse illumination source for the wavy water surface.

A new method for measuring one-dimensional spectra of short surface waves, based on the use of a flat beam and high-speed video was developed.

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